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Conversion Therapy, SCOTUS, and the Ethical Mandate to “Do No Harm”

conversion therapy

The recent U.S. Supreme Court decision striking down Colorado’s ban on conversion therapy has reignited a critical conversation at the intersection of law, ethics, and mental health care. While the ruling reframes certain aspects of conversion therapy as protected speech under the First Amendment, it does not, and cannot, override the ethical responsibilities that govern licensed professionals.

For therapists, the takeaway is clear: just because conversion therapy may become legal again in Colorado does not mean it is ethical, safe, or professionally acceptable.

Conversion Therapy Remains a Harmful and Discredited Practice

Conversion therapy, also known as sexual orientation or gender identity change efforts (SOGICE), has been rejected by every major medical and mental health organization in the United States. Decades of research consistently demonstrate that conversion therapy is ineffective and associated with significant psychological harm.

Peer-reviewed studies highlight serious risks, particularly for LGBTQ+ youth who are subjected to these practices. These harms include:

  • Increased depression and anxiety
  • Heightened substance use
  • Elevated risk of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts

Green et al. (2020) found that exposure to sexual orientation or gender identity change efforts (SOGICE) was associated with significantly higher odds of lifetime suicide attempts. Similarly, Ryan et al. (2018) reported that LGBTQ youth exposed to conversion therapy were more than twice as likely to attempt suicide compared to those who were not.

These findings are widely accepted across the mental health field. Conversion therapy is not a neutral intervention. It is a harmful one.

Ethical Codes Are Clear: Do No Harm

All licensed mental health professionals, whether psychologists, counselors, social workers, or marriage and family therapists, are bound by core ethical principles. Chief among them is nonmaleficence, the obligation to “do no harm.”

Practicing sexual orientation or gender identity change efforts (SOGICE) violates this principle in multiple ways:

  • It relies on interventions lacking empirical support
  • It creates foreseeable psychological harm
  • It undermines client identity and autonomy
  • It falls outside accepted standards of care

Professional organizations such as the American Psychological Association (APA), the American Counseling Association (ACA), and the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) have all explicitly condemned conversion therapy.

Even if courts limit the ability of states to ban sexual orientation or gender identity change efforts (SOGICE), ethical standards remain fully enforceable through licensure boards.


The Supreme Court’s ruling addresses constitutional law and not clinical best practice. This distinction is essential.

A therapist engaging in conversion therapy may not face criminal penalties under state law, but they are still accountable to their licensing board. That accountability carries real consequences.

Therapists who practice sexual orientation or gender identity change efforts (SOGICE) risk:

  • Formal ethics complaints
  • Investigation by licensing boards
  • Suspension or revocation of their license

Licensing boards are tasked with protecting the public. When a clinician engages in a practice known to cause harm, the board has both the authority and the responsibility to intervene.

In other words, sexual orientation or gender identity change efforts (SOGICE) can still cost a therapist their career even if it is technically legal.

Why Reporting Conversion Therapy Matters

Given this legal shift, accountability becomes even more important. If sexual orientation or gender identity change efforts (SOGICE) begins to resurface under the protection of this ruling, harmful practices mustn’t go unchecked.

Clients, family members, and professionals should take action when they encounter conversion therapy:

  • Report practitioners to state licensing boards
  • Document harmful interventions
  • Support individuals harmed by conversion efforts
  • Advocate for affirming, evidence-based care

Reporting is not punitive. It is protective. It safeguards vulnerable individuals and upholds the integrity of the mental health profession.

The Role of Ethical Practice in Mindful Ecotherapy

At the Mindful Ecotherapy Center, we emphasize approaches that honor the whole person, including their identity, lived experience, and connection to the natural world. Conversion therapy stands in direct opposition to these values.

Mindfulness-Based Ecotherapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) both emphasize:

  • Acceptance rather than a change of identity
  • Compassion and psychological flexibility
  • Alignment with authentic values

These approaches are grounded in evidence and ethics, unlike conversion therapy, which attempts to suppress or alter core aspects of self.

Conclusion: Ethics Must Lead the Way

The Supreme Court’s ruling on conversion therapy may change the legal landscape, but it does not change the science. It does not change the data. And it does not change the ethical obligations of mental health professionals.

Conversion therapy remains a harmful, discredited practice that violates the foundational principle of “do no harm.”

Therapists are entrusted with our clients’ well-being. That trust demands adherence to ethical standards, even when the law creates ambiguity. If conversion therapy re-emerges, the responsibility falls on the profession and the public to ensure it is challenged, reported, and ultimately rejected.


References

Green, A. E., et al. (2020). Association of conversion therapy with depression and suicide among LGBTQ individuals. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(1), 68–76.

Ryan, C., et al. (2018). Parent-initiated sexual orientation change efforts with LGBT adolescents: Implications for young adult mental health and adjustment. Journal of Homosexuality, 65(2), 159–173.

American Psychological Association. (2015). Guidelines for psychological practice with sexual minority persons.

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). (2015). Ending conversion therapy: Supporting and affirming LGBTQ youth.


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Sensing Wolf and Thinking Wolf: An Empowering Tale of 2 Wolves

sensing wolf
sensing wolf

An old Grandfather said to his grandson, who came to him with anger at a friend who had done him an injustice, “Let me tell you a story. I, too, at times, have felt a great hate for those who have taken so much, with no sorrow for what they do. But hate wears you down, and does not hurt your enemy. It is like drinking poison and wishing your enemy would die. I have struggled with these feelings myself many times.”

He continued, “It is as if there are two wolves inside me. One is good and does not harm. He lives in harmony with all around him, and does not take offense when no offense was intended. He will only fight when it is right to do so, and in the right way. But the other wolf is full of anger. The littlest thing will set him into a fit of temper. He fights everyone, all the time, for no reason. He cannot think because his anger and hate are so great. It is helpless anger, for his anger will change nothing.”

“Sometimes, it is hard to live with these two wolves inside me, for both of them try to dominate my spirit.”

The boy looked intently into his Grandfather’s eyes and asked, “Which one wins, Grandfather?”

The Grandfather smiled and quietly said, “The one I feed.”

A Tale of Two Wolves, from a Cherokee legend as re-told in The Mindful Mood Management Workbook by Charlton Hall

Thinking Wolf and Sensing Wolf

The more energy we spend on sensing, the less energy we have to spend on thinking. Based on the tale of two wolves above, we could see the two wolves as “thinking wolf” and “sensing wolf.” The more energy you give to the sensing wolf, the less energy you give to the thinking wolf. The less energy the thinking wolf receives, the weaker the thinking wolf becomes. Conversely, the more energy the sensing wolf receives, the stronger the sensing wolf becomes. By shifting from thinking to sensing, you’re not trying to ‘kill’ the thinking wolf. You’re not engaging in doing by trying to make the thinking wolf go away. You’re simply depriving it of energy so that it may eventually go away on its own. Even if it doesn’t go away on its own, you’re not focusing your attention on it. Since your attention isn’t on it, thinking wolf can’t grab you by the throat, refusing to let go.

The Wolf You Feed

It could be said that focusing on what your senses are telling you is a type of thinking as well, and that is partially true; however, the difference is that focusing on what your senses are telling you is a type of thinking devoid of emotional content. If you’re in a thinking cycle that is causing you anxiety or depression, then anxiety and depression are emotions. But unless you hate trees for some reason, simply sitting quietly in a forest and observing a tree as if you are an artist about to draw that tree is an exercise devoid of emotional content. By focusing on the emotionally neutral stimuli found in nature, we allow ourselves to feed the sensing wolf.

How Mindfulness-Based Ecotherapy Helps Nurture the Sensing Wolf Over the Thinking Wolf

The metaphor of the two wolves offers a useful way to understand the tension between present-moment awareness and the mental habits that fuel anxiety, stress, and depression. The “sensing wolf” represents the part of us that experiences life directly through the five senses, grounded in what is happening here and now. The “thinking wolf,” on the other hand, is the part of the mind that ruminates, analyzes, spirals into what-ifs, and fixates on problems. Both wolves have value, but in many people, the thinking wolf grows overfed, dominating the internal landscape with worry and mental noise. Mindfulness-Based Ecotherapy creates conditions that allow the sensing wolf to regain strength, balance, and presence, shifting the center of gravity away from constant mental churn.

Natural Environments Favor the Sensing Wolf

One reason this works so well is that natural environments naturally favor the sensing wolf. When someone steps outdoors into a wooded area, a park, a shoreline, or even a garden, the sensory field becomes richer and more inviting than the world of internal rumination. Leaves move in the breeze, sunlight flickers, birds call, water flows, and colors shift. The brain is gently nudged toward sensory engagement, which quiets the internal monologue that the thinking wolf thrives on. In this state, attention moves from the world of thoughts to the world of direct experience. This transition alone can reduce stress and interrupt the cycles that reinforce anxiety and depression.

Mindfulness-Based Ecotherapy builds on this natural shift by offering structured practices that actively engage the sensing wolf. Techniques like mindful walking, breath awareness in natural settings, sensory-focused grounding, and observation of ecological patterns encourage participants to connect deeply with what is happening in the moment. When the senses are occupied and awake, the thinking wolf loses some of its grip. Rumination is harder to maintain while noticing the texture of a stone, the temperature of the air, or the scent of pine needles. Over time, this repeated redirection strengthens neural pathways associated with presence rather than worry.

Chilling Out with the Sensing Wolf

Another benefit of nurturing the sensing wolf is the way ecotherapy interacts with the body’s stress physiology. Rumination activates the sympathetic nervous system, keeping the body stuck in low-grade fight-or-flight. Sensory engagement, particularly in nature, stimulates the parasympathetic system, which promotes calm, digestion, and restoration. As the body calms, the mind follows. When the nervous system shifts into balance, the sensing wolf becomes easier to access, and the thinking wolf becomes less dominant. This physiological support is one of the reasons nature-based mindfulness is such a potent intervention for chronic stress and mood challenges.

Mindfulness-Based Ecotherapy also provides a corrective to the thinking wolf’s habit of interpreting thoughts as facts. When individuals practice noticing sensations without judgment, they simultaneously learn to observe thoughts with the same attitude. Thoughts become passing mental events rather than urgent demands for action or attention. This distances the self from the thinking wolf’s tendency to catastrophize or rehearse negative narratives. Instead of wrestling with thoughts, participants learn to acknowledge them and return to sensory experience, strengthening the sensing wolf through repetition and compassion.

Sensing Wolf and Connection

Finally, ecotherapy nurtures the sensing wolf by cultivating connection—connection to nature, to the present moment, and ultimately to one’s own internal experience. The thinking wolf often thrives in isolation, spinning stories without grounding in the wider world. The sensing wolf grows stronger when individuals feel part of a larger ecosystem, rooted and supported by the living environment around them. This sense of belonging reduces the vulnerability that fuels rumination and helps reinforce emotional resilience.

By feeding the sensing wolf through mindfulness-based experiences in nature, individuals create healthier internal balance. The thinking wolf does not disappear, but it no longer runs the entire show. Over time, present-moment awareness becomes more accessible, anxiety decreases, and emotional well-being improves. This is the core strength of Mindfulness-Based Ecotherapy: teaching people how to live more fully in the present while gently quieting the mental habits that keep them trapped in stress.


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